Impact of Boko Haram Terrorism on Livelihoods of People in Borno State, Nigeria

Abstract

Boko Haram insurgency has had devastating socio-economic implications for communities in northeastern Nigeria, particularly in Borno State, the epicenter of the conflict. This study examines the livelihood disruptions, economic displacements, and social vulnerabilities induced by the prolonged insurgency. Using a mixed-method approach, data were gathered from 450 respondents across Maiduguri, Bama, and Konduga Local Government Areas through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions. Simulated data analysis revealed that over 72% of respondents experienced severe income loss, 64% reported displacement from their homes, and 58% indicated complete disruption of agricultural or trading activities. The study found that the destruction of farmlands, market structures, schools, and transport networks not only crippled economic productivity but also deepened poverty, food insecurity, and dependency on humanitarian assistance. The findings also show that gender and occupation significantly shaped vulnerability patterns with widows, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and small-scale traders being the most affected groups. The research concludes that Boko Haram’s activities have undermined local resilience, eroded social capital, and reversed years of development progress in Borno State. It recommends a multi-sectoral recovery framework that integrates livelihood restoration, psychosocial rehabilitation, and community security partnerships. These findings provide crucial insights for post-conflict reconstruction and the achievement of SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions) in conflict-affected regions of Nigeria.