Public Sector Technology Adoption and Electoral Integrity: Evaluating INEC's ICT Strategies in Nigeria's Democratic Governance

Abstract

Electoral integrity remains a cornerstone of democratic governance, yet persistent electoral malpractices in Nigeria have historically undermined public confidence in elections. This study examines the Independent National Electoral Commission's (INEC) adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) solutions as a managerial strategy to enhance electoral integrity and prevent fraud. To evaluate the managerial effectiveness of INEC's ICT adoption strategies in preventing electoral fraud and identify key factors influencing successful implementation of electoral technologies. A descriptive survey research design was employed, collecting data from 372 INEC officials across five Nigerian states using structured questionnaires. The study utilized the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Diffusion of Innovations Theory as theoretical frameworks. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed strong positive correlations between ICT adoption and electoral integrity (r = 0.701, p < 0.01). The regression model explained 58.2% of variance in electoral integrity, with ICT adoption (β = 0.524, p < 0.001) and managerial efficiency (β = 0.368, p < 0.001) as significant predictors. Respondents rated ICT infrastructure adequacy (M = 4.08), staff competence (M = 3.96), and fraud prevention effectiveness (M = 4.12) as high. INEC's ICT strategies, including BVAS and IReV systems, have significantly enhanced electoral integrity when supported by effective managerial frameworks. However, challenges persist in infrastructure, capacity building, and stakeholder engagement. The study contributes to public sector innovation literature by demonstrating how managerial competence mediates technology adoption outcomes in electoral governance.